Suicide in the Construction Industry
[DESCRIPTION]
Travelers logo
TEXT: Mental Health and Suicide Prevention Awareness
[DESCRIPTION]
Dr. Marcos Iglesias talking to camera
TEXT: Dr. Marcos Iglesias, Travelers Chief Medical Director
[SPEECH]
I’m Dr. Marcos Iglesias, Chief Medical Director for Travelers, and I’d like to tell you about an important and often overlooked risk in the construction industry. Suicide is the tenth leading cause of death in the U.S. In 2019, over 47,000 individuals died by suicide
[DESCRIPTION]
Image of two construction workers standing on a job site with work in progress.
[SPEECH]
and for every one of these people lost, there are an estimated 30 more suicide attempts.
[DESCRIPTION]
Dr. Marcos Iglesias talking to camera
[SPEECH]
Yes, the statistics are stunning. Even more sobering is the fact that the CDC has reported that the construction industry had one of the highest rates of suicide among their workers compared to most other industry groups. Another fact: Many of the risk factors for suicide are modifiable. So, we strive to better understand the factors that may lead an individual to take their life
[DESCRIPTION]
Male construction worker performing rigging.
[SPEECH]
and create an atmosphere where workers feel free to seek and get help.
[DESCRIPTION]
Dr. Marcos Iglesias talking to camera
[SPEECH]
Some in the construction industry have noted that construction workers potentially have a perfect storm of suicide risk factors. These include: a male-dominated workforce, with a large percentage of Veterans, and a significant number of workers with untreated psychiatric and substance use conditions.
[DESCRIPTION]
Six male construction workers standing in a group having a meeting.
[SPEECH]
Many individuals in the industry are stoic and self-reliant
[DESCRIPTION]
Male construction worker sitting alone on the ground.
[SPEECH]
characteristics that may lead them to not seek mental health help.
[DESCRIPTION]
Dr. Marcos Iglesias talking to camera
[SPEECH]
Today, it is more important than ever to be aware of the problem and face it head-on, including having open, frank conversations which can destigmatize mental health conditions and create a supportive environment with available resources to help.
[DESCRIPTION]
Mike Haller talking to camera
TEXT: Mike Haller CEO, Walbridge
[SPEECH]
My name is Mike. I'm the CEO of Walbridge. And I've been in the industry and at Walbridge for 48 years. Today, we're going to speak about health and safety,
[DESCRIPTION]
Shadow image of two construction workers standing amid heavy equipment.
[SPEECH]
particularly mental health. Generally in our industry, we always talk when we talk about health and safety. We're talking about the physical aspects of it. But the world has changed.
[DESCRIPTION]
Mike Haller talking to camera
[SPEECH]
The stress that has been placed on people's lives is becoming insurmountable. And from that stress, in many instances, comes depression comes anxiety. And you must remember, every human being is wired different. And they all deal with it differently.
[DESCRIPTION]
Six male construction workers standing in a group meeting in front of a piece of heavy equipment.
[SPEECH]
We must understand this, we must try to be part of the solution. And not add to the problem.
[DESCRIPTION]
Mike Haller talking to camera
[SPEECH]
The construction industry was all it's always been suck it up, be tough, you can do it. Okay, what we must become, we must become more of an empathetic, listening, understanding environment. We must be the ones who listen, and we can't solve another individual's problems. But if we have the awareness that we notice it in our day to day dealings, you can maybe say, you know, maybe you need to talk to somebody about this issue. Maybe you need to seek some professional counseling on this issue.
[DESCRIPTION]
Image of a person welding in a shop.
[SPEECH]
You might save a life, you might save a tragic event
[DESCRIPTION]
Image of a male construction worker sitting inside and operating a heavy piece of equipment.
[SPEECH]
for a family, we must become more aware.
[DESCRIPTION]
Mike Haller talking to camera
[SPEECH]
If we don't, if we always do what we always done will always get what we always got. And that's not acceptable anymore. A hardened attitude in the work environment is not acceptable anymore. It must be more of an inviting, and caring attitude that embraces people's feelings more for what they are.
[DESCRIPTION]
Image of two male construction workers standing together on an unfinished building among steel beams.
[SPEECH]
As a team, we can solve this issue. No one can do it alone.
[DESCRIPTION]
Mike Haller talking to camera
[SPEECH]
But if we lock arms, and together, create a more listening and caring environment, we can make lives better and possibly save lives.
[DESCRIPTION]
Jennifer Lee talking to camera
TEXT: Jennifer Lee, Travelers VP, National Practice Lead, Loss Sensitive & Wrap Up, Construction
[SPEECH]
Hello - I’m Jennifer Lee from Travelers.
As a leading insurer for the construction industry, we can help contractors protect their business and safely send their workers home every night. Death by suicide has been on the rise. Any suicide represents a profound and personal loss, whether it was a loss of a family member, a friend, or a co-worker. And the pandemic’s ongoing impact on the mental health of workers has the potential to intensify this trend. Travelers is committed to increasing awareness of suicide by connecting businesses to resources that can help.
[DESCRIPTION]
Image of the Construction Industry Alliance for Suicide Prevention logo
[SPEECH]
We are a proud supporter of The Construction Industry Alliance for Suicide Prevention (CIASP),
[DESCRIPTION]
Jennifer Lee talking to camera
[SPEECH]
which provides resources to help companies evaluate their mental health and suicide prevention preparedness. Regardless of whether you are a Travelers’ customer, you can access resources that are available to support you in: Increasing awareness of the factors that may contribute to death by suicide; Training employees about how to talk about mental health with others; and ultimately taking action to address mental health and suicide within your company. The actions you take can potentially save a person’s life. Thank you for listening.
[DESCRIPTION]
Image of two construction workers walking together.
[SPEECH]
It’s the first step in taking action to turn this concerning trend around.
[DESCRIPTION]
Travelers logo. Call to action, website, and disclaimerTEXT: To learn more, visit us at travelers.com/constructionawareness or speak with your Travelers representative.
The Travelers Indemnity Company. All rights reserved. Travelers and the Travelers Umbrella logo are registered trademarks of the Travelers Indemnity Company in the U.S. and other countries.
A serious problem
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in 2022, more than 49,000 individuals died by suicide in the United States.1 And suicide rates increased by 37% between 2000 and 2018.2 Although there was a 5% decrease between 2018 and 2020, rates once again increased after that.3 Moreover, many medical professionals believe deaths by suicide may be underreported, with some classified as accidents or unintentional deaths.4 In addition, among adults ages 18 and older, for each suicide there are about 30 adults who reported making a suicide attempt.5
Males are almost four times more likely to die by suicide than females,6 and those over the age of 74 or between the ages of 25 and 34 are at highest risk.7 Non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Natives are at highest risk of deaths by suicide, followed by non-Hispanic whites (28.1 and 17.4 age-adjusted rates per 100,000 population).8
Other known demographic, biological, psychological and social risk factors include:9
- Rural residence
- Military veteran status
- Non-married status
- White, American Indian or Alaska Native
- Medical conditions including chronic pain, cancer, chronic lung disease, heart disease, spine disorders and stroke
- Family history of suicide
- A previous suicide attempt
- Hopelessness
- Adverse childhood experiences
- Social isolation
- Poor social support
Suicide and construction workers
In 2021, the CDC reported that the construction industry had the second-highest rate of suicide among its workers, surpassed only by mining, quarrying and oil and gas extraction workers.10 Fifty-six out of every 100,000 male construction workers died by suicide in 2021, compared to 32 per 100,000 male workers in all industries.11 This is seen not only in the United States but in other countries as well12 and may be explained by a higher prevalence of certain risk factors in individuals working in the industry. In fact, as stated in an article published by the American Society of Safety Professionals, some have noted that construction workers potentially have a perfect storm of suicide risk factors.13
Demographics. Ninety percent of the U.S. construction workforce are male, a demographic with a high risk of suicide in the general population.14 Additionally, over 15% of veterans – who have a 50% higher rate of suicide15 – enter the construction industry and make up a large percentage of that workforce.16
Cultural. The stoic and self-reliant characteristics of individuals who work in the construction industry may increase suicide risk, according to psychologist Sally Spencer-Thomas, by reducing the likelihood that individuals seek help when needed.17 This reluctance to seek help is associated with psychological distress.18
Psychosocial. Seasonality and fluctuations in an individual’s work may affect an individual’s mental health through the impact of:19
- Economic insecurity as a result of job seasonality.
- Low job control and a fragmented community as a result of frequent changes in co-workers and tasks as jobs change.
- Emotional exhaustion stemming from irregular and long work hours.
- Work-family conflict that may manifest itself as strained relationships, marital breakdown and difficulty maintaining relationships with children.
- Inefficient sleep patterns, including sleep deprivation, that may increase the risk of mental health problems.
- High psychological demands producing strain.
- Mental distress and mental disorders, which are common among construction workers. Furthermore, untreated psychiatric conditions are more common in this group of workers than others.
Physical. Physically demanding construction work not only increases the risk of musculoskeletal disorders – with higher rates than in other industries – but may lead to chronic pain and higher utilization of opioids, as well as the higher opioid overdose rate seen in these workers.20
Drug-related. Use of nonprescription opioids, binge drinking, heavy alcohol use and other drugs is more common among construction workers than in other industries.21
Action plan
Mental health and suicide traditionally have been taboo subjects in society. And yet, the human impact of suicide is extensive and enduring, adversely affecting individuals, families, communities and workplaces. The cooperation of multiple sectors of society – government, healthcare, social, educational, community and business groups – is critical in the fight against it.
According to the American Society of Safety Professionals, the construction industry faces a challenge with this issue. However, we know that many of the risk factors of the individuals working in the construction industry can be recognized, and treatment for underlying mental health conditions may help prevent suicide.22
Consider the CDC’s national comprehensive approach to prevent suicide, which is built around several strategies: strengthening economic supports, improving access and delivery of suicide care, creating protective environments, promoting connectedness, teaching coping and problem-solving skills, identifying and supporting people at risk, and lessening harms and preventing future risk.23
For the construction industry, this could include having open, frank conversations, which can destigmatize mental health conditions and create a supportive environment in which workers feel free to seek and give help.
Training supervisors and other workers on the subject and how to recognize the risk factors can help create a supportive environment and make it more likely that an individual can get the help they need.
A simple “Are you OK?” may open the door to better communication.
And having appropriate resources available as part of the path to better mental health and the prevention of suicide is paramount. The Construction Industry Alliance for Suicide Prevention (CIASP) provides useful resources for companies to help evaluate their mental health and suicide prevention preparedness. Other resources can be found at Workplace Suicide Prevention and National Action Alliance.
Resources
- National Suicide Prevention Lifeline
- Call 800.273.8255 or Chat with Lifeline
- Veterans Crisis Line
- Call 800.273.8255 or text 838255
- Crisis Text Line
- Text TALK to 741741
- Construction Industry Alliance for Suicide Prevention
- CDC Suicide Prevention
- Needs Analysis & Implementation Tool
- Integrating Suicide Prevention in Your Company
- Construction + Suicide Prevention: Why is This an Industry Imperative?
- Construction + Suicide Prevention: 10 Action Steps Companies Can Take to Save Lives
- Webinar: Uniting the Construction Industry Behind Suicide Prevention
- Living Works offering 60-90-minute online suicide prevention training
- Toolbox Talks
Sources
1 Curtin et al.; Provisional Estimates of Suicide by Demographic Characteristics: United States, 2022; Vital Statistics Rapid Release; Report No. 34; November 2023; https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/vsrr/vsrr034.pdf
2,3,6,7,8 U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Suicide Data and Statistics; https://www.cdc.gov/suicide/facts/data.html
4 Rockett et al.; Mortality in the United States from self-injury surpasses diabetes: a prevention imperative, Injury Prevention; Volume 25, Issue 4; 2019; https://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/25/4/331
5 U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Public Health Strategies for Suicide Policy Brief; https://www.cdc.gov/rural-health/php/public-health-strategy/public-health-strategies-for-suicide.html
9 U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Risk and Protective Factors for Suicide; https://www.cdc.gov/suicide/risk-factors/
10,11 Sussell et al.; Suicide Rates by Industry and Occupation – National Vital Statistics System, United States, 2021; Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report; Issue 72; 2023; https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7250a2.htm
12 Maheen et al.; Suicide trends among Australian construction workers during years 2001–2019; Sci Rep. 2022; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9686251/
13 American Society of Safety Professionals; Suicide in the Construction Industry: Breaking the Stigma and Silence; https://www.assp.org/news-and-articles/suicide-in-the-construction-industry-breaking-the-stigma-and-silence
14 Gallagher; The Construction Industry: Characteristics of the Employed, 2003-2020; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; https://www.bls.gov/spotlight/2022/the-construction-industry-labor-force-2003-to-2020/
15 Dempsey; Firearm Suicide Risk in Service Members and Veterans; Anxiety & Depression Association of America; 2024; https://adaa.org/learn-from-us/from-the-experts/blog-posts/consumer-professional/firearm-suicide-risk-service#:~:text=Facts%2C%20Statistics%20and%20Factors&text=Veterans%20have%20a%2050%20percent,the%20nation's%20gun%20suicide%20deaths%E2%80%9D
16 Crawford; Military Veterans Bring Safety, Leadership and Career Ambition to Construction; Construction Executive; 2022; https://www.constructionexec.com/article/military-veterans-bring-safety-leadership-and-career-ambition-to-construction
17 Spencer-Thomas; Construction + Suicide Prevention: 10 Action Steps Companies Can Take to Save Lives; Construction Financial Management Association; 2016; https://www.nahb.org/-/media/NAHB/advocacy/docs/legal-issues/construction-liability/trending-now/10-action-steps-suicide-prevention.pdf
18 Eyllon et al.; Mental Health Stigma and Wellbeing Among Commercial Construction Workers: A Mixed Methods Study (Abstract Only); J. Occup. Environ. Med.; 2020; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32541624/
19 Safety Toolbox Talk; 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline; 2022; https://quandel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/9-11-22-Suicide-in-Construction.pdf
20 Dale et al.; Addressing the Opioid Overdose Epidemic in Construction: Minimize Work Factors that Cause Injury and Pain; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, NIOSH Science Blog; 2021; https://blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/2021/09/14/opioids-in-construction/
21 Ompad et al.; Construction trade and extraction workers: A population at high risk for drug use in the United States, 2005-2014; Drug Alcohol Depend; 2020; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6910220/pdf/nihms-1542116.pdf
22 Grimmer et al.; Addressing Suicide in Construction; American Society of Safety Professionals; 2022; https://www.assp.org/docs/default-source/psj-articles/bpgrimmer_0222.pdf?sfvrsn=2df89047_2
23 U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; About Violence Prevention; 2024; https://www.cdc.gov/violence-prevention/about/index.html